Detailed Description

Overview

The pcl_sample_consensus library holds SAmple Consensus (SAC) methods like RANSAC and models like planes and cylinders. These can be combined freely in order to detect specific models and their parameters in point clouds.

Some of the models implemented in this library include: lines, planes, cylinders, and spheres. Plane fitting is often applied to the task of detecting common indoor surfaces, such as walls, floors, and table tops. Other models can be used to detect and segment objects with common geometric structures (e.g., fitting a cylinder model to a mug).

The following models are supported:

SACMODEL_PLANE - used to determine plane models. The four coefficients of the plane are its Hessian Normal form: [normal_x normal_y normal_z d]
SACMODEL_LINE - used to determine line models. The six coefficients of the line are given by a point on the line and the direction of the line as: [point_on_line.x point_on_line.y point_on_line.z line_direction.x line_direction.y line_direction.z]
SACMODEL_CIRCLE2D - used to determine 2D circles in a plane. The circle's three coefficients are given by its center and radius as: [center.x center.y radius]
SACMODEL_CIRCLE3D - used to determine 3D circles in a plane. The circle's seven coefficients are given by its center, radius and normal as: [center.x, center.y, center.z, radius, normal.x, normal.y, normal.z]
SACMODEL_SPHERE - used to determine sphere models. The four coefficients of the sphere are given by its 3D center and radius as: [center.x center.y center.z radius]
SACMODEL_CYLINDER - used to determine cylinder models. The seven coefficients of the cylinder are given by a point on its axis, the axis direction, and a radius, as: [point_on_axis.x point_on_axis.y point_on_axis.z axis_direction.x axis_direction.y axis_direction.z radius]
SACMODEL_CONE - used to determine cone models. The seven coefficients of the cone are given by a point of its apex, the axis direction and the opening angle, as: [apex.x, apex.y, apex.z, axis_direction.x, axis_direction.y, axis_direction.z, opening_angle]
SACMODEL_TORUS - used to determine torus models. The eight coefficients of the torus are given by the inner and outer radius, the center point, and the torus axis.
SACMODEL_PARALLEL_LINE - a model for determining a line parallel with a given axis, within a maximum specified angular deviation. The line coefficients are similar to SACMODEL_LINE .
SACMODEL_PERPENDICULAR_PLANE - a model for determining a plane perpendicular to a user-specified axis, within a maximum specified angular deviation. The plane coefficients are similar to SACMODEL_PLANE .
SACMODEL_PARALLEL_LINES - not implemented yet
SACMODEL_NORMAL_PLANE - a model for determining plane models using an additional constraint: the surface normals at each inlier point has to be parallel to the surface normal of the output plane, within a maximum specified angular deviation. The plane coefficients are similar to SACMODEL_PLANE .
SACMODEL_NORMAL_SPHERE - similar to SACMODEL_SPHERE , but with additional surface normal constraints.
SACMODEL_PARALLEL_PLANE - a model for determining a plane parallel to a user-specified axis, within a maximum specified angular deviation. The plane coefficients are similar to SACMODEL_PLANE .
SACMODEL_NORMAL_PARALLEL_PLANE defines a model for 3D plane segmentation using additional surface normal constraints. The plane normal must lie parallel to a user-specified axis. SACMODEL_NORMAL_PARALLEL_PLANE therefore is equivalent to SACMODEL_NORMAL_PLANE + SACMODEL_PERPENDICULAR_PLANE. The plane coefficients are similar to SACMODEL_PLANE .
SACMODEL_STICK - a model for 3D stick segmentation. A stick is a line with a user given minimum/maximum width.
SACMODEL_ELLIPSE3D - used to determine 3D ellipses in a plane. The ellipses's eleven coefficients are given by its center and radius as: [center.x, center.y, center.z, semi_axis.u, semi_axis.v, normal.x, normal.y, normal.z, u.x, u.y, u.z]

The following list describes the robust sample consensus estimators implemented:

SAC_RANSAC - RANdom SAmple Consensus
SAC_LMEDS - Least Median of Squares
SAC_MSAC - M-Estimator SAmple Consensus
SAC_RRANSAC - Randomized RANSAC
SAC_RMSAC - Randomized MSAC
SAC_MLESAC - Maximum LikeLihood Estimation SAmple Consensus
SAC_PROSAC - PROgressive SAmple Consensus

By default, if you're not familiar with most of the above estimators and how they operate, use RANSAC to test your hypotheses.

Requirements

common

Classes
class	pcl::LeastMedianSquares< PointT >
	LeastMedianSquares represents an implementation of the LMedS (Least Median of Squares) algorithm. More...
class	pcl::MaximumLikelihoodSampleConsensus< PointT >
	MaximumLikelihoodSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the MLESAC (Maximum Likelihood Estimator SAmple Consensus) algorithm, as described in: "MLESAC: A new robust estimator with application to estimating image geometry", P.H.S. More...
class	pcl::MEstimatorSampleConsensus< PointT >
	MEstimatorSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the MSAC (M-estimator SAmple Consensus) algorithm, as described in: "MLESAC: A new robust estimator with application to estimating image geometry", P.H.S. More...
class	pcl::ProgressiveSampleConsensus< PointT >
	ProgressiveSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the PROSAC (PROgressive SAmple Consensus) algorithm, as described in: "Matching with PROSAC – Progressive Sample Consensus", Chum, O. More...
class	pcl::RandomSampleConsensus< PointT >
	RandomSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm, as described in: "Random Sample Consensus: A Paradigm for Model Fitting with Applications to Image Analysis and Automated Cartography", Martin A. More...
class	pcl::RandomizedMEstimatorSampleConsensus< PointT >
	RandomizedMEstimatorSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the RMSAC (Randomized M-estimator SAmple Consensus) algorithm, which basically adds a Td,d test (see RandomizedRandomSampleConsensus) to an MSAC estimator (see MEstimatorSampleConsensus). More...
class	pcl::RandomizedRandomSampleConsensus< PointT >
	RandomizedRandomSampleConsensus represents an implementation of the RRANSAC (Randomized RANdom SAmple Consensus), as described in "Randomized RANSAC with Td,d test", O. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensus< T >
	SampleConsensus represents the base class. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModel< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModel represents the base model class. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelFromNormals< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelFromNormals represents the base model class for models that require the use of surface normals for estimation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelCircle2D< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelCircle2D defines a model for 2D circle segmentation on the X-Y plane. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelCircle3D< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelCircle3D defines a model for 3D circle segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelCone< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelCone defines a model for 3D cone segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelCylinder< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelCylinder defines a model for 3D cylinder segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelEllipse3D< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelEllipse3D defines a model for 3D ellipse segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelLine< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelLine defines a model for 3D line segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelNormalParallelPlane< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelNormalParallelPlane defines a model for 3D plane segmentation using additional surface normal constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelNormalPlane< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelNormalPlane defines a model for 3D plane segmentation using additional surface normal constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelNormalSphere< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelNormalSphere defines a model for 3D sphere segmentation using additional surface normal constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelParallelLine< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelParallelLine defines a model for 3D line segmentation using additional angular constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelParallelPlane< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelParallelPlane defines a model for 3D plane segmentation using additional angular constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelPerpendicularPlane< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelPerpendicularPlane defines a model for 3D plane segmentation using additional angular constraints. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelPlane< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelPlane defines a model for 3D plane segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelRegistration< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelRegistration defines a model for Point-To-Point registration outlier rejection. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelRegistration2D< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelRegistration2D defines a model for Point-To-Point registration outlier rejection using distances between 2D pixels. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelSphere< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelSphere defines a model for 3D sphere segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelStick< PointT >
	SampleConsensusModelStick defines a model for 3D stick segmentation. More...
class	pcl::SampleConsensusModelTorus< PointT, PointNT >
	SampleConsensusModelTorus defines a model for 3D torus segmentation. More...

Functions
template<typename Point>
double	pcl::pointToPlaneDistanceSigned (const Point &p, double a, double b, double c, double d)
	Get the distance from a point to a plane (signed) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.
template<typename Point>
double	pcl::pointToPlaneDistanceSigned (const Point &p, const Eigen::Vector4f &plane_coefficients)
	Get the distance from a point to a plane (signed) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.
template<typename Point>
double	pcl::pointToPlaneDistance (const Point &p, double a, double b, double c, double d)
	Get the distance from a point to a plane (unsigned) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.
template<typename Point>
double	pcl::pointToPlaneDistance (const Point &p, const Eigen::Vector4f &plane_coefficients)
	Get the distance from a point to a plane (unsigned) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.

Function Documentation

◆ pointToPlaneDistance() [1/2]

template<typename Point>

double pcl::pointToPlaneDistance	(	const Point &	p,
		const Eigen::Vector4f &	plane_coefficients )

inline

#include <pcl/sample_consensus/sac_model_plane.h>

Get the distance from a point to a plane (unsigned) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.

Parameters

p	a point
plane_coefficients	the normalized coefficients (a, b, c, d) of a plane

Definition at line 125 of file sac_model_plane.h.

References pointToPlaneDistanceSigned().

◆ pointToPlaneDistance() [2/2]

template<typename Point>

double pcl::pointToPlaneDistance	(	const Point &	p,
		double	a,
		double	b,
		double	c,
		double	d )

inline

#include <pcl/sample_consensus/sac_model_plane.h>

Get the distance from a point to a plane (unsigned) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.

Parameters

p	a point
a	the normalized a coefficient of a plane
b	the normalized b coefficient of a plane
c	the normalized c coefficient of a plane
d	the normalized d coefficient of a plane

Definition at line 114 of file sac_model_plane.h.

References pointToPlaneDistanceSigned().

◆ pointToPlaneDistanceSigned() [1/2]

template<typename Point>

double pcl::pointToPlaneDistanceSigned	(	const Point &	p,
		const Eigen::Vector4f &	plane_coefficients )

inline

#include <pcl/sample_consensus/sac_model_plane.h>

Get the distance from a point to a plane (signed) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.

Parameters

p	a point
plane_coefficients	the normalized coefficients (a, b, c, d) of a plane

Definition at line 100 of file sac_model_plane.h.

◆ pointToPlaneDistanceSigned() [2/2]

template<typename Point>

double pcl::pointToPlaneDistanceSigned	(	const Point &	p,
		double	a,
		double	b,
		double	c,
		double	d )

inline

#include <pcl/sample_consensus/sac_model_plane.h>

Get the distance from a point to a plane (signed) defined by ax+by+cz+d=0.

Parameters

p	a point
a	the normalized a coefficient of a plane
b	the normalized b coefficient of a plane
c	the normalized c coefficient of a plane
d	the normalized d coefficient of a plane

Definition at line 89 of file sac_model_plane.h.

Referenced by pointToPlaneDistance(), pointToPlaneDistance(), and pcl::ExtractPolygonalPrismData< PointT >::segment().

Detailed Description

Overview

Requirements

Classes

Functions

Function Documentation

◆ pointToPlaneDistance() [1/2]

◆ pointToPlaneDistance() [2/2]

◆ pointToPlaneDistanceSigned() [1/2]

◆ pointToPlaneDistanceSigned() [2/2]